DOES COVID-19 IS CONFIRMED THROUGH PCR TESTING????

 


Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a test which is used to detect the genetic material from a specific organism like virus. This test will helps in detecting the virus which is already infected in our body. The majority of PCR mainly rely in thermal cycling. The machine which is used for PCR testing is thermal cycler. PCR is also called as “molecular photocopying”.

The process of PCR mainly undergoes in three steps which are denaturation, annealing and elongation. Denaturation is the first process which is used to denature the double stranded DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds maintaining the temperature at  94–98 °C for 20-30 seconds. Annealing is the next step where the temperature is lowered to  50–65 °C for 20–40 seconds and the primers are added. Each of the primer are attached to the strands of DNA at the 3′ end of each strand. Elongation is the next step where the new DNA strands are synthesized from 5′-to-3′ end by adding the dNTPs.

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is one of the test which is used for testing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is confirmed in the presence of the viral RNA which leads in causing viral infection. For testing COVID-19 by using PCR it mainly involves in three steps which are sample collection, extraction and PCR. The sample collection is mainly done by using the throat swabs and nasal swabs. After the sample was collected, technologists will isolate the genetic material from the sample which includes the genetic material from any of the viruses. This process is known as extraction. PCR will uses some of the chemicals which causes reaction occurs to makes million copies of smalls portions of the genetic material of the virus SARS-CoV-2. If it  is positive the PCR machine will detects a fluorescent light as a signal.


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